Satellite Internet is unique among broadband technologies because it can deliver connectivity virtually anywhere on Earth, making it invaluable for remote and underserved locations. Traditionally, satellite Internet has relied on geostationary satellites positioned approximately 36,000 kilometers above Earth’s equator. These satellites transmit data to large dishes installed at user premises.
While traditional geostationary satellite services provide download speeds typically ranging from 25 to 100 Mbps and upload speeds up to 10 Mbps, they suffer from very high latency, often exceeding 500 milliseconds due to the distance signals must travel. This latency can cause noticeable delays in interactive applications such as video calls and online gaming.
To overcome these limitations, new satellite providers like SpaceX with Starlink have launched constellations of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites flying at just a few hundred kilometers altitude. These satellites reduce signal travel time dramatically, enabling much lower latency—often in the 30 to 50 milliseconds range, comparable to many terrestrial broadband options.
Starlink can currently deliver download speeds from 50 Mbps up to 250 Mbps and upload speeds ranging roughly between 20 and 40 Mbps, with people in areas lacking fiber or cellular coverage benefiting the most. As the constellation grows and technology improves, these speeds and latencies are expected to further improve.
Satellite Internet remains an attractive option where wired networks cannot reach, such as isolated communities, ships at sea, or expeditions in remote regions. The technology also faces challenges, including higher equipment costs, weather sensitivity, and bandwidth sharing among users which can affect performance during peak times.
In conclusion, satellite Internet—especially new LEO systems like Starlink—is revolutionizing global broadband access by combining wide coverage with improved speeds and latency, bridging the digital divide for millions worldwide.